Papaya is a tall herbaceous plant in the genus Carica.
Its edible fruit is also called papaya.
It is native to the tropical region of America, mainly from southern Mexico to Central America.
Now these plants are grown in all tropical regions of the world.
Papayas are plants of tropical regions and, for growth and fruit production, they need a warm climate.
They cannot live with low temperatures.
The common name comes from the Taíno word papáia that was changed in Spanish to papaya, the word most used worldwide, with some changes.
In Australia and some countries of the Caribbean, the fruit is called papaw or pawpaw but another North American plant, Asimina triloba of the Annonaceae family has also that name.
In Kerala it commonly known as Kapanga - കപ്പങ്ങ.
Papayas have perfect flowers but other plants have flowers with only one sex.
The single stem grows from 5 to 10 m tall with all the leaves on the top.
The leaves are large, 50–70 cm wide.
Fruits are 15-50 cm long and 10–20 cm wide, and weigh up to 9 kg.
The skin of the fruit is thin and tough.
First, the skin is green but it changes to yellow in ripe fruits, ready to be eaten.
In a ripe fruit, the pulp is yellow, orange, pink, and even light red.
Inside the fruit, there are many small black seeds.
Ripe papayas are eaten fresh, after taking out the skin and the seeds.
Papayas are a source of iron and calcium.
Papain is a component in products sold in shops and that is used to make meat softer before cooking it.
The latex from the green fruits, the leaves and the stem are rich in papain, an enzyme that breaks down tough meat fibers.
Papaya seeds have a peppery taste and are a great substitute for black peppercorns.